What carries the model financially, and what stays out of scope.
This model can realistically deliver on the order of 97% of care. The remaining ~3% — ICU-level critical care, major/complex surgery, NICU — is explicitly out of scope and would still route to a full referral hospital. It isn't impossible to expand into these areas later, though.
Housing a DPC-focused residency at the facility would provide a supply of motivated, mission-aligned physician labor at lower cost, and build a pipeline of doctors trained from day one outside the standard insurance-driven system — directly advancing the goal of growing the number of independent DPC physicians in the region. Open question: residency accreditation typically flows through Medicare-linked channels, so a program opting out of Medicare would need an alternative accreditation path worked out in advance.
Primary care and DPC physicians should be equipped to refer out less often — by adopting point-of-care tools (dermatoscope, otoscope, stethoscope, ultrasound, AI-estimated ejection fraction) that let them resolve more of a workup in the same visit. Faster, better in-house care means fewer referrals, less fragmentation, and lower total cost per patient.
For physicians hesitant to add these tools to their own practice, dedicated support structures can lower the barrier: procedure how-to guides, training videos, standardized templates, and clear malpractice coverage for the added scope of practice.